Recent advances towards improved phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution heavy metal pollution represents a global challenge to both public health and environmental sustainability. Heavy metals tend to precipitate phosphatic compounds and catalyze their decomposition. Phytoextraction involves the removal of heavy metals by the roots of the plants with subsequent transport to aerial plant organs while phytostabilization focuses on establishing a vegetative cap that does not shoot. Phytoremediation, heavy metals, contaminated soil, sunflower, alfalfa. The plant samples were washed in deionized water dried 24 hrs at 80c immediately to stabilize the tissue. Phytoremediation of heavy metals in aqueous solutions felix aibuedefe aisien, oluwole faleye and eki tina aisien 42 profile shown in figure 4. D scholar, division of plant physiology, iari, new delhi110012 2 ph.
Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils 3. Heavy metals in soil and application of new plant materials. Phytoremediation is a better option for cleanup of metalcontaminated sites. Remediation of heavy metal polluted soils is one of the significant topics in environmental restoration. Typha is often found close to water, in lakes, lagoons and riverine areas of numerous regions of the world, in america, europe and asia esteves et al. Abstract this study attempts to investigate the phytochemical composition, bioconcentration and transfer factors of. One or a combination of these plants is selected and planted at a site based on the type of metals present and other site conditions. Five aquatic plant species, lepironia articulata, pandanus helicopus, scirpus grossus, cabomba furcata, and nelumbo nuciferaaquatic. The current remediation technique of heavy metal from contaminated soilwater are expensive, time consuming and environmentally destructive. Heavy metals in soil and application of new plant materials in the process of phytoremediation ljiljana m babincev faculty of technical sciences, university of prishtina, kneza milosa 7, kosovska mitrovica, kosovo. In this experiment, the eichhornia crassipes, an able phytoremediator exhibited efficient and fast removal of heavy metals from synthetic solution in electro assisted phytoremediation system. Jan 23, 2015 phytoremediation of heavy metals by calcifying macroalgae anthropogenic activities release heavy metals into water bodies which can lead to imbalancement of the ecosystem. Phytoremediation is a green technology with good public perception.
Plants have a more direct effect on contaminant levels via phytoextraction, which concentrates contaminants e. As willow has some specific characteristics like high transport capacity of heavy metals from root to shoot,huge amount of biomass production, can use also for production of bio energy in the biomass energy power plant. Advantages and disadvantages of phytoremediation 1. The electrically enhanced phytoremediation system and electro remediation system were operated 2hday at voltages of 4v for 25 days continuously. As plants grow, they collect and store metals in stems and or leaves. One promising strategy is phytoremediation, the use of plants to uptake heavy metals. The industry of mining and processing metals is a major source of farmland heavy metal contamination 26. Apr 26, 2016 specific herbal supplement to determine the level of any or all of the heavy metals identified in this guidance. The plant used in the phytoremediation technique must have a considerable capacity of metal absorption, its accumulation and strength to. Plants are very much affected by hm pollution particularly in contaminated soils. Increasing concentration of heavy metals hm due to various anthropogenic activities is a serious problem. Water samples contaminated with heavy metals zn, cu and pb were subjected to phytoremediation method using water hyacinth e. Heavy metals are among the most important sorts of contaminant in the environment. For control of heavy metal uptake and xylem loading in hemp roots, the soil ph.
Research is in progress to screen plants for hyperaccumulation of heavy metals. It can be seen that the concentration of pb in the plant tissue increased from an initial value of 620mgkg to 1070mgkg. Index termschromium, iron, phytoextraction, psoralea pinnata. These plants can be disposed of as hazardous waste. The aims of the study were to investigate the phytoremediation of heavy metals from urban waste leachate by typha domingensis and optimization of process parameters using the response surface methodology rsm. Bioremediation of heavy metals using biosurfactant producing microorganisms vijayanand. Phytoremediation of barium, copper, zinc and arsenic contaminated soils by sunflower and alfalfa jamil zargan, massood fakharyfar biology group, faculty of basic science, imam hossein comprehensive university, tehran, iran article published on june 24, 2016 key words. D scholar, nrcpb, iari, new delhi110012 phytoremediation. The roots of vetiver are the most useful and important part. Frontiers alleviation of heavy metal stress in plants and.
Dec 24, 2007 heavy metals that have been identified in the polluted environment include as, cu, cd, pb, cr, ni, hg and zn. Soils contamination by heavy metals and metalloids has become a serious environmental issue today. Accumulation of heavy metal in soil and their transfer to. Most of the heavy metals have deleterious impacts on the growth and productivity of the plants, and also alters the general physiological characteristics of plants. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot degrade, andtherefore effective cleanup requires their immobilization to reduce or remove toxicity. Frontiers alleviation of heavy metal stress in plants. Phytoremediation for heavy metal free download as powerpoint presentation. Heavy metals, which have widespread environmental distribution and originate. The executive body adopted the protocol on heavy metals in aarhus.
The heavy metals selected for the study was lead, nickel, zinc, cadmium and chromium, the metal uptake was estimated in root, stem and leaves for every 20 days for a total period of 60 days. Phytoremediation of heavy metals by calcifying macroalgae anthropogenic activities release heavy metals into water bodies which can lead to imbalancement of the ecosystem. Toxicity and phytoremediation techniques habib gemechu edao department of chemistry, faculty of natural and computational science, bule hora university, bule hora, ethiopia, phone no. Consequently, the use of plants contaminated with high levels of heavy metals for food, might pose a serious risk to human and animal health wang et al. Fulekar environmental biotechnology laboratory, department of life sciences, university of mumbai, santacruz e, mumbai 400 098, india. Phytoremediation of barium, copper, zinc and arsenic.
Typha is a highly floodtolerant species with the capacity for. Plants,used as remediation techniques, take up the heavy metals to produce an internal concentration greater than. Heavy metals in the soil from anthropogenic sources tend to be more mobile, hence bioavailable than pedogenic, or lithogenic ones 19 24 25. Conditioning of heavy metal polluted river sediment by cannabis sativa l. Zn cu pb cd which reflects the biomonitoring potentialities of the investigated plant species. Protocol on heavy metals air pollution environmental policy. Gyeongsang national university environmental engineering laboratory le ngoc thuan. Advancement in molecular studies will improve efficiency of phytoremediation. The concentrations of cd in the leaves and stems of submerged. Issue paper on the human health effects of metals pdf. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated. The concentrations of heavy metals in water, sediments, and plants possess the same trend. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by psoralea. Wilson mw, edyvean rg 1995 biosorption for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters.
Human health, heavy metal, toxicity, exposure effects. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from soils springerlink. Generating an epub file may take a long time, please be patient. Highlights heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem. Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a.
Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. The plant is then harvested and disposed of and the site replanted until heavy metals in the. Dec 29, 2011 as willow has some specific characteristics like high transport capacity of heavy metals from root to shoot,huge amount of biomass production, can use also for production of bio energy in the biomass energy power plant. Cadmium and zinc, using alpine pennycress, a hyperaccumulator of these metals at levels that would be toxic to many plants. Department of chemistry, national open university of nigeria, lagos, nigeria. Watson environmental, agricultural and analytical chemistry section, chemistry department, university of glasgow, glasgow g12 8qq, uk. A green technology to remove environmental pollutants. Phytoremediation for heavy metal treatment, bring you some principles. The presence of any metal may vary from site to site, depending upon the source of individual pollutant. Phytoremediation of metal contaminated mining sites. We would like to remind the reader that studies on heavy metal pollution are focused on as, cd, cr, hg and pb as they are toxic, nonessential heavy metals, and on cu, ni and zn which, although.
Heavy metals that have been identified in the polluted environment include as, cu, cd, pb, cr, ni, hg and zn. Phytoremediation of heavy metalsconcepts and applications. The study involved the preparation of the heavy metals solutions in different concentrations their ph values supplemented into eight 40l plastic. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated soils. The removed heavy metal can be recycled from the contaminated plant biomass 28. To minimise such risk, phytoremediation comes into play. Jan 28, 2003 wilson mw, edyvean rg 1995 biosorption for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters. Remediation of hm in contaminated soil is done by physical and chemical processes which are costly, timeconsuming, and.
Forumusing superplants to clean up our environment phytoremediation is an innovative use of green plants to clean up our environment. Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a density at least five times greater than that of water. The present study is an attempt to test the potential of the native species to remove heavy metals from the soil. Review article phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluent. Phytoremediation is a set of ecological strategies that utilizes plants, in situ, to promote the breakdown, immobilization, and removal of pollutants from the environment 1,2,3. Alternatively, they can be burned for energy, which allows metals to be recovered and recycled. Following exposure to heavy metals, their metabolism and subsequent excretion. Phytoremediation is the natural ability of certain plants to bioaccumulate, degrade, or render harmless contaminants in soils, water, or air. A number of metals including chromium, iron, arsenic, zinc, cadmium, mercury and copper are known to significantly compromise. The term comes from the greek word for plants phyto that can detoxify, or remediate, soil or water contaminated with heavy metals or excess minerals. N international journal of environmental sciences volume 2 no. Phytoremediation for heavy metal removal plants, so called hyperaccumulators are usually used, they take up 100 times the concentration of metals over other plants. They are elements, and short of an alchemical transformation you have to physically remove them, cover them up, or apply phosphate so that plants dont take them up as readily.
Heavy metals phytoremediation by aquatic plants hyrocotyle. Heavy metals phytoremediation by aquatic plants hyrocotyle ranocloides, ceratophyllum demersum of anzali lagoon 1l. Chemical speciation and phytotoxicity of heavy metals in. Bousher a, chandra m eds biodeterioration and biodegradation 9, proceedings of the 9th international biodeterioration and biodegradation symposium, leeds, uk, sept. Heavy metal phytotoxicity metals are natural components in soil. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated sites.
Gajendra rathod 1, sukumar taria1, deepak pawar 2, mahesh mahajan 2, rakesh kumar prajapat 2 1 ph. Environmental contamination can also occur through metal corrosion, atmospheric deposition, soil erosion of metal ions and leaching of heavy metals, sediment re. Several methods already used to clean up the environment from these kinds of contaminants, but most of them are costly and difficult to get optimum results. The presence of heavy metals in aqueous streams, air, soil and food have become a problem due to their harmful effects on human health even at low concentration in the environment. Use of phytoremediation and biochar to remediate heavy. In the present study, an attempt to have a comparative assessment of the efficiency of aquatic weeds like typha latifolia, eichhornia crassipes, salvinia molesta and pistia stratiotes to treat the effluents under laboratory conditions. Phytoremediation of chromium contaminated soil using. Khara 1 department of marine biology, graduate school of marine science and technology, science and research branch, islamic azad university, tehran, iran. The above quantitative limits are determined at the highest labeled dose of a supplement, and are applicable only to herbal supplements that are consumed in a total daily amount of 5 grams or less. Alternatively, they can be burned for energy, which allows metals to be recovered and. But, some plants cope with the pollution stress and accumulate more and more toxic and heavy metals in their modified tissues. In recent years, scientists and engineers have started to generate cost effective technologies that include use. Phytoremediation of metal pb, ni, zn, cd and cr contaminated soils using canna indica. Heavy metals in soil and application of new plant materials in the process of phytoremediation ljiljana m babincev faculty of technical sciences, university of prishtina, kneza milosa 7.
Phytoremediation is the use of green plants and their associated microorganisms to stabilize or reduce contamination in soils. Phytoremediation of heavy metals by helianthus annuus in. After the plants have been allowed to grow for several weeks or months, they are harvested and either incinerated or composted to recycle. The highest concentration of heavy metals among the aquatic plants and plant parts was found in the roots of s. As a plant based technology the success of phytoremediation is inherently dependent upon proper plant selection.
Survival of plants becomes tough and its overall health under hm stress is impaired. Human health effects of heavy metals dd kansas state. Phytoremediation of heavy metals in aqueous solutions. Phytoremediation for heavy metal environmental issues. Phytoremediation of heavy metals at mining sites mainly includes the two technologies, phytoextraction and phyostabilisation. Metallic elements are intrinsic components of the environment. Currently, phytoremediation is an effective and affordable technological solution used to extract or remove inactive metals and metal pollutants from. Heavy metals, production and use, human exposure, toxicity, genotoxicity. Phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated soil by. This research has focused on the source identification, concentration, and ecological risk assessment of eight heavy metals in the. Develop a format that is accessible to epa and state regulators and others who need to evaluate alternate remedial technologies, as well as to site owners, project. Phytoremediation of heavy metal toxicity and role of soil. The sources of various heavy metals are listed in table table1. Toxicity of heavy metals and its management through phytoremediation oct.
Heavy metal pollutants in wastewater is one of the problems facing human beings. The above quantitative limits are determined at the highest labeled dose of a supplement, and are applicable only to herbal supplements that are consumed in a. Accepted 19 december, 2008 the current remediation technique of heavy metal from contaminated soilwater are expensive, time. Generally, the variation of heavy element concentrations in water and sediments in relation to site and season, as assessed by twoway repeated measured. Eight common heavy metals are discussed in this brief. The term heavy metals is sometimes used to suggest pollution and toxic effects page 6. Phytoremediation of heavy metal toxicity and role of soil in. Any means to reduce heavy metal pollution in the environment is of considerable economic significance. Use of phytoremediation and biochar to remediate heavy metal. Heavy metals distribution, sources, and ecological risk. Phytoremediation of chromium contaminated soil using sorghum plant revathi.
Accumulation of heavy metal in soil and their transfer to leafy vegetables with phytoremediation potential. Heavy metals toxicity and the environment ncbi nih. Excessive application of sewage sludge has led to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil surface and can result in phytotoxicity in. Recent advances towards improved phytoremediation of heavy. Heavy metals are removed from soil by moving up into plant roots, stems, and leaves. Remediation options for soils contaminated with heavy metals 3.